Geotechnical drilling is a site investigation technique designed to uncover the physical properties surrounding a construction site. Also known as geotechnical boring, this process involves evaluating the soil, rock, groundwater, and overall conditions within a given depth and location. This vital work ensures construction can move forward as planned, and helps catch issues before they start.
Geotechnical Soil Borings
Geotechnical engineers are tasked with determining whether or not the ground is suitable for the proposed construction project. Through geotechnical drilling, engineers can sample and test organic materials throughout the site, alerting contractors to unsuitable foundation soils such as loose coarse-grained soils, peats, or soft fine-grained soils. Along with this process, a coinciding geological review will map out rock formations, ground water levels, and different types of soil throughout the site. These findings help indicate the foundation requirements of the upcoming project, including the types of tools and manpower that may be needed.
Geotechnical Boring Log
Geotechnical drilling can uncover a variety of issues prior to construction. Findings are recorded in a geotechnical boring log, and can include:
- Topographic survey data
- Boring location on site
- Soil conditions, including soil type, color, consistency, moisture levels, clay content, density, geological origin, and more
- Soil and rock strata depth
- Sample sizes and recovery methods
- Types of drills used and drilling resistance
- Water levels
- And more
The geotechnical boring log is an invaluable record for construction planning. Engineers will use these findings to evaluate:
- Project feasibility: If the ground conditions are found to be unsuitable for the project’s scope, a new location or soil improvement will have to be considered.
- Environmental impacts: Estimating the short and long-term effects of construction on the surrounding environment helps inform proactive planning.
- Necessary equipment: Sites that contain rock formations and dense soil may require more heavy machinery and more effort to begin work.
- Cost estimates and timelines: Working with less than ideal ground conditions can lead to more equipment and contractor hours, resulting in higher development, design, and construction costs and longer timelines.
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